Lomonosov Moscow State University Recommended

Moscow State University is considered to be the oldest Russian university. It was founded in 1755. The establishment of the university in Moscow was made possible by the work of the outstanding scholar-encyclopedist, the first Russian academician Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765).

Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), the oldest and largest university in Russia, one of the centers of world science. It was founded according to the plan and plan of M. V. Lomonosov by decree of the imp. Elizaveta Petrovna 12 (23). 1. 1755 on the basis of" denunciation to the Senate " by gr. I. I. Shuvalov; opened on 26.4(7.5).1755 as part of the philosophy, law, medical schools and gymnasiums for future students (existed until 1812). In 1755-1917 Imp. Mosk. uni-t, since the end of 1917 Moscow State University, since 1918 1st Moscow State University. from September 1930 to Moscow State University, from 1932-37 to M. N. Pokrovsky University, and from 7.5.1940 to M. V. Lomonosov University. In 1778 at the University on the initiative of M. M. Kheraskov A noble boarding school is established (since 1830 gymnasium). Activities of Lomonosov's students and followers-the philosopher and mathematician D. S. Anichkov, N. N. Bantysh-Kamensky, A. A. Barsova, S. E. Desnitsky, S. G. Zybelina, N. I. Novikova, N. N. Popovsky, I. A. Tretyakov, D. I. Fonvizina et al. contributed to the formation of the university as a center of progressive science, culture and enlightenment. In 1756, a printing house was opened at the university (it published newspapers. "Moskovskie Vedomosti" and the first in Moscow lit. zh. "Useful entertainment") and a bookstore.

Until 1804, the university's activities were regulated by the "Highly approved project on the establishment of Moscow University". In 1804, the university charter was adopted. Un-tu was provided free of charge. autonomy, the rector and deans of the faculty were elected from among the professors. The first elected rector was Professor of History and Literature H. A. Chebotarev. The University was responsible for general management of secondary and primary educational institutions in the central provinces of Russia. 4 departments were formed – moral and political sciences (philosophy), physical and mathematical sciences, medical sciences and verbal sciences. Societies were established: in 1804 – Russian history and antiquities; physical and medical science contestants; in 1805 – nature testers; in 1811 – lovers of Russian literature, who played a role. role in the history of Russian science thoughts. Among the honorary members of these societies is J. W. Goethe, A. Humboldt, Charles Darwin, J. B. Lamarck, D. K. Maxwell, D. I. Mendeleev, I. P. Pavlov, M. Faraday. In 1832, an astronomical observatory was opened at the university; in 1849, philos. f-t was divided into history and philology and physics and mathematics, and the teaching of philosophy was banned as "harmful".

Mosk. the university took an active part in the development of the Russian higher school. The professorial corps of the newly created Kazan (founded in 1804), Kharkiv (1804), Warsaw (1816), St. Petersburg (1819), and Kiev (1833) Universities was formed in the main. one of the graduates of Moscow State University. un-ta. Thanks to the efforts of the University's professors, the first Sunday school in Moscow was organized. higher women's courses that marked the beginning of women's education in Russia. On the initiative of the Moscow State University professors. The University of Moscow has opened Historical and Polytechnic Museums, the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts), and Botanical gardens. garden and zoo.

For participation in the revolutionary movement at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 20th century, the tsarist government repeatedly closed the university. In 1911, as a protest against illegal after the dismissal of a number of professors and violations of the university's autonomy, more than 130 professors and teachers defiantly left its walls. Among them – V. I. Vernadsky, N. D. Zelinsky, P. N. Lebedev, V. I. Picheta, A. A. Reformatsky K. A. Timiryazev, F. F. Fortunatov, and S. A. Chaplygin. At the end of 1917 Moscow time. the university became a state university. In 1919, it established one of the first workers ' colleges in the country (named after M. P. Pokrovsky, which remained part of Moscow State University until 1936). The division of society during the revolution had a heavy impact on the university's activities. Some students and well-known scientists who did not accept the new political order were forced to leave Moscow State University. The reorganizations of the 1920s and 1930s aimed at increasing the number of specialists also caused some damage. Medical, Soviet law, and chemical (temporarily) faculties were removed from the university, and self-government departments were created on their basis.are standing. universities. The geological, mineralogical and geographical departments of natural sciences were transformed into institutes. f-tah. On the basis of humanitarian f-tov in 1931, Mosk was opened. Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, which merged again with Moscow State University only in 1941. Excesses were also made in the organization of the educational process: the "team-laboratory method" was introduced (abolished in 1932) of training, according to which lectures were canceled, the material was worked out by student teams of 3-5 people, the individual exam was replaced by collective reports of teams. In the 1930s and 1950s, the ideological and administrative dictates of the authorities hindered the freedom of creativity; contacts with foreign scientific centers were limited. Many scientists were subjected to unjustified reprisals, and entire research areas, especially in the social sciences, philology, cybernetics, and biology, were curtailed. Despite this, university science as a whole achieved significant results in the 1920s-30s, with more than 30 professors and researchers. They became academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Over the years, Led. More than 3 thousand scientific developments were carried out at Moscow State University during the Patriotic War. Among them: improvement of aircraft construction and control of sea vessels, justification of the accuracy theory of art. shooting and shooting areas, providing accurate time signals for the entire country, inventing explosives. In medical practice, thrombin was introduced geologists discovered the largest deposits of tungsten in Central Asia and contributed to the development of the "Second Baku"; geographers provided the Red Army with cartographic material, etc. In the documents of the Nuremberg and Tokyo militaries. These tribunals reflect the developments of MSU lawyers, for example, on the individual criminal liability of former fascist leaders. 

The University is the largest innovation center. The country's first Science Park (established in 1992), which transforms scientific achievements into high technologies, includes more than 50 scientific and technical companies mainly in the fields of chemistry and new materials, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, ecology and environmental management, and the production of scientific equipment. In 2006-07, within the framework of the national project "Education", MSU developed educational and methodical complexes of 67 master's programs based on the principles of innovative education. MSU is the only university that regularly launches its own scientific and educational programs. satellites: "Tatiana-1" (2005), " Tatiana-2 "(2009), "Lomonosov" (2011). In 2008, superscomputers were put into operation. Chebyshev and Blue Gene/P complexes.

In 2009, a federal law regulating the activities of two leading Russian universities – Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University-was adopted. The law establishes the special status of MSU as a unique scientific and educational institution. the complex. This involves training in self-established educational programs. standards, issuing diplomas of their own. sample, department funding. the state budget line. The law abolished the autonomy of the University and the electivity of the rector (which had been preserved since 1804); the President of the Russian Federation has the right to appoint, reassign or release the rector ahead of schedule.

Moscow State University (2010): 40 faculty members, 15 scientific institutes, including the Mechanics Research Institute, D. V. Skobeltsyn Research Institute of Nuclear Physics, A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology named after D. N. Anuchin, N.-I. vychit. center; approx. 20 scientific centers, including International ones. educational and scientific laser center, Scientific and educational center. Center for Nanotechnologies, Intern. educational and scientific work. biotechnological Center, A. M. Lyapunov French-Russian Center for Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Specialized Educational and Scientific Center (A. N. Kolmogorov boarding school), etc.; more than 500 departments and laboratories, 6 branches, Fundam. b-ka, museums: zoological, land studies, history of Moscow State University; publishing house, printing house. MSU publishes the Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Nature Testers (since 1829, 2 series), gaz. "Moscow University "(since 1925; names have changed), J. "Bulletin of the Moscow University" (since 1946, 26 episodes), educational, educational and methodical, scientific. and the artist. lit-ru. Among the university's professors are st. 300 D. chl. and corresponding members. RAS and branch academies, including D. V. Anosov, N. F. Bakeev, V. V. Voevodin, A. A. Huseynov By Yu. A. Zolotov, V. P. Maslov, E. I. Moiseev, V. A. Sadovnichy (rector since 1992), D. V. Shirkov, V. L. Yanin.

In 1991, MSU was included in the State Code of especially valuable objects of cultural Heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation. 40 thousand students are enrolled (2011).

Initially, the university was located in a building located on Krasnaya Ploschad, on the site of the present-day university. Historical museum. Special building for Mosk. The university was built at the corner of Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street (1920-1992 Herzen Street) and Mokhovaya Street (1961-90 part of Marx Avenue) in 1782-93 (classicism, architect M. F. KazakovThe building damaged in the fire of 1812 was rebuilt in 1817-19 by architect D. I. Gilardi (bas-relief in the portico – G. T. Zamaraev), which significantly changed the design of the main facade (especially its central part), giving it the appearance characteristic of the Russian Empire. In 1833-37, on the opposite corner of Mokhovaya and Bolshaya Nikitskaya Streets, a new building of the university with the university church of Martyr Tatiana (late classicism, architect E. D. Tyurin) was built (based on the buildings of the 18th-century manor).In 1919, the church was closed; the building was used as a club, student theater (since 1958). In 1995, the church was recreated as the home church of the Martyr Tatiana at Moscow State University. In the beginning. 20th century. on the same site, the b-ki building was built (eclecticism; architect K. M. BykovskyIn 1949-70, the ensemble-complex of the University on Leninsky (Vorobyovy) Gory was built. Main building (1949-53, architects L. V. Rudnev, S.E. Chernyshev, P. V. Abrosimov, A. F. Khryakov, engineer V. N. Nasonov)- complex high-rise composition-includes, along with educational and administrative premises, the club part (mosaic in the assembly hall-artistic director P. D. Korin), dormitories, teacher apartments, etc. In front of the clubhouse is a monument to M. V. Lomonosov (bronze, 1953, architect N. V. TomskyThe university complex includes (2010) more than 1 thousand buildings and continues to develop, new schools, training centers, etc. appear. The Fundam building was opened in January 2005. Moscow State University b-ki on Lomonosov Ave., in September 2007 – the first academic building of the humanities faculty (history, philology, public administration and political science), in 2009 the construction of the Scientific and Educational Medical Center was completed.

University offers study programs in Russian medium and some postgradute programs in English.

English medium programs are listed below.